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Postpartum depression (PPD), also called postnatal depression, is a type of clinical depression which can affect both sexes after childbirth. Symptoms may include sadness, low energy, changes in sleeping and eating patterns, reduced desire for sex, crying episodes, anxiety, and irritability. While many women experience self-limited, mild symptoms postpartum, postpartum depression should be suspected when symptoms are severe and have lasted over two weeks. In about 1 to 2 per 1,000, postpartum depression results in postpartum psychosis.〔 Although a number of risk factors have been identified, the causes of PPD are not well understood. Hormonal change is hypothesized to contribute as one cause of postpartum depression. The emotional effects of postpartum depression can include sleep deprivation, anxiety about parenthood and caring for an infant, identity crisis, a feeling of loss of control over life, and lack of support from a romantic or sexual partner." Many women recover with treatment such as a support group, counseling, or medication.〔Kinnaman, Gary & Jacobs, Richard. Seeing in the Dark. Michigan: Baker Publing Group, 2006.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Perinatal Depression: Prevalence, Screening Accuracy, and Screening Outcomes )〕 Studies report prevalence rates among women from 5% to 25%, but methodological differences among the studies make the actual prevalence rate unclear. Among men, in particular new fathers, the incidence of postpartum depression has been estimated to be between 1% and 25.5%. In the United States, postpartum depression is one of the leading causes of the murder of children less than one year of age which occurs in about 8 per 100,000 births.〔 == Signs and symptoms == Symptoms of PPD can occur any time in the first year postpartum.〔The Boston Women's Health Book Collective: Our Bodies Ourselves, pages 489–491, New York: Touchstone Book, 2005〕 These symptoms include, but are not limited to: * Sadness〔 * Hopelessness〔 * Low self-esteem〔 * Guilt〔 * A feeling of being overwhelmed * Sleep and eating disturbances〔 * Inability to be comforted〔 * Exhaustion〔 * Emptiness〔 * Inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable〔 * Social withdrawal〔 * Low or no energy〔 * Becoming easily frustrated〔 * Feeling inadequate in taking care of the baby〔 * Decreased sex drive * Occasional or frequent anxiety 〔WebMD: Understanding Post Partum Depression http://www.webmd.com/depression/postpartum-depression/understanding-postpartum-depression-basics〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Postpartum depression」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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